{"id":97031,"date":"2026-05-05T08:44:57","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T08:44:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/?p=97031"},"modified":"2026-06-01T13:29:45","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T13:29:45","slug":"nicotine-and-caffeine-what-is-actually-the-difference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/nicotine-and-caffeine-what-is-actually-the-difference\/","title":{"rendered":"Nikotin a kofein – jak\u00fd je vlastn\u011b rozd\u00edl?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nikotin a kofein – jak\u00fd je vlastn\u011b rozd\u00edl?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Nikotin a kofein jsou dva z nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch stimulant\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b, ale p\u016fsob\u00ed na t\u011blo zcela odli\u0161n\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Nikotin aktivuje nikotinov\u00e9 receptory v mozku a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 rychl\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed dopaminu, zat\u00edmco kofein blokuje adenosinov\u00e9 receptory, sign\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 by n\u00e1s jinak p\u0159im\u011bly c\u00edtit \u00fanavu. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku si vysv\u011btl\u00edme, jak ob\u011b l\u00e1tky p\u016fsob\u00ed jednotliv\u011b, co v\u011bda \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 o tom, co se stane, kdy\u017e jsou kombinov\u00e1ny, a pro\u010d se jejich mechanismy z\u00e1vislosti li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nikotin a kofein ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed mozek prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch receptor\u016f, ale oba zvy\u0161uj\u00ed pocit bd\u011blosti a stimuluj\u00ed syst\u00e9m dopaminu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nikotin ovliv\u0148uje enzym CYP1A2 v j\u00e1trech, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee t\u011blo rozlo\u017e\u00ed kofein a\u017e o 50% rychleji u u\u017eivatel\u016f nikotinu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nikotin m\u00e1 polo\u010das 1\u20132 hodin; kofein m\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 hodin, co\u017e vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d \u00fa\u010dinky trvaj\u00ed r\u016fznou dobu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee ob\u011b l\u00e1tky si mohou navz\u00e1jem zvy\u0161ovat \u00fa\u010dinky potla\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed chu\u0165 a stimuluj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky p\u0159i simult\u00e1nn\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Odkud poch\u00e1zej\u00ed nikotin a kofein?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    A\u010dkoli se o nich \u010dasto hovo\u0159\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 souvislosti, nikotin a kofein maj\u00ed velmi odli\u0161n\u00fd p\u016fvod. Oba jsou \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e vytv\u00e1\u0159eny rostlinami, ale ze stejn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu: jako chemick\u00e1 obrana proti hmyzu a \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kofein<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kofein se vyskytuje p\u0159irozen\u011b v p\u0159es 60 druz\u00edch rostlin, v\u010detn\u011b k\u00e1vov\u00fdch zrn, \u010dajov\u00fdch list\u016f a kakaov\u00fdch bob\u016f. Byl poprv\u00e9 chemicky izolov\u00e1n v roce 1819 n\u011bmeck\u00fdm chemikem Friedliebem Ferdinandem Rungejem, podle tip\u016f od samotn\u00e9ho Goetheho. K\u00e1va se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila z Etiopie a Jemenu p\u0159es St\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdchod do Evropy v 17. stolet\u00ed, a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee d\u00edky pape\u017ei Klimentu VIII., kter\u00fd n\u00e1poji dal sv\u00e9 po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed, se zde prosadila. \u010caj a k\u00e1va jsou dnes mezi nejkonzumovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1poji na sv\u011bt\u011b, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed kofein nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvanou psychoaktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tkou na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nikotin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nikotin je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z tab\u00e1ku, ale ve skute\u010dnosti se vyskytuje v mal\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00edch v n\u011bkolika b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch zelenin, jako jsou raj\u010data, brambory, bakla\u017e\u00e1n a kv\u011bt\u00e1k. Mno\u017estv\u00ed jsou v\u0161ak tak n\u00edzk\u00e1, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed znateln\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek. Tab\u00e1k pou\u017e\u00edvali indi\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe ritu\u00e1lech a medic\u00edn\u011b dlouho p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e byl p\u0159edstaven Evrop\u011b v 15. stolet\u00ed. Dnes se nikotin pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v \u0161irok\u00e9m spektru produkt\u016f od tradi\u010dn\u00edho tab\u00e1kov\u00e9ho snus a white nikotinov\u00e9 s\u00e1\u010dky<\/a> a\u017e po n\u00e1plasti s nikotinem a produkty na odvyk\u00e1n\u00ed. Existuje tak\u00e9 syntetick\u00fd nikotin, vyroben\u00fd v laborato\u0159\u00edch bez zapojen\u00ed tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 rostliny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Jak nikotin a kofein ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed t\u011blo<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n


    A\u010dkoli jsou ob\u011b l\u00e1tky klasifikov\u00e1ny jako stimulanty a ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed mozkovac\u00ed dopaminov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, \u010din\u00ed tak prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zcela odli\u0161n\u00fdch mechanism\u016f a s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u010dasov\u00fdmi profily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kofein<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Kofein funguje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm blokov\u00e1n\u00edm adenosinov\u00fdch receptor\u016f v mozku. Adenosin je l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159irozen\u011b hromad\u00ed b\u011bhem dne a norm\u00e1ln\u011b signalizuje mozku, \u017ee je \u010das na odpo\u010dinek. Kdy\u017e kofein tyto receptory blokuje, potla\u010duje se sign\u00e1l \u00fanavy, co\u017e n\u00e1s \u010din\u00ed bd\u011bl\u010d\u00edmi a vzh\u016fru. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se zvy\u0161uje aktivita dopaminu v syst\u00e9mu odm\u011bn mozku, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1lady a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed motivaci. \u00da\u010dinek je obvykle patrn\u00fd b\u011bhem 15\u201345 minut po u\u017eit\u00ed, a polo\u010das rozpadu kofeinu je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 hodin, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u0161\u00e1lek k\u00e1vy v odpoledni m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt st\u00e1le \u00fa\u010dinek pozd\u011b ve\u010der.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nikotin<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Nikotin se v\u00e1\u017ee na nikotinov\u00e9 receptory (typ acetylcholinov\u00e9ho receptoru) v mozku a centr\u00e1ln\u00edm nervov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. Vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 rychl\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed dopaminu a dal\u0161\u00edch neurotransmiter\u016f, jako je noradrenal\u00edn, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pocit pohody, v\u016fle a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 bd\u011blosti. \u00da\u010dinek za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 rychleji ne\u017e kofein: p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed snus je patrn\u00fd b\u011bhem 1\u20132 minut. Polo\u010das rozpadu nikotinu je v\u0161ak pouze 1\u20132 hodiny, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinek ustupuje relativn\u011b rychle ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s kofeinem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    P\u0159i kombinaci<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Zde le\u017e\u00ed jeden z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch poznatk\u016f v\u00fdzkumu. Nikotin ovliv\u0148uje enzym CYP1A2 v j\u00e1trech, co\u017e je prim\u00e1rn\u00ed enzym odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed kofeinu. U u\u017eivatel\u016f nikotinu se kofein \u0161t\u011bp\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b rychleji. Studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 na PubMedu zjistila, \u017ee polo\u010das rozpadu kofeinu u kur\u00e1k\u016f byl v pr\u016fm\u011bru 3,5 hodiny ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 6 hodinami u nekur\u00e1k\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed studie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee \u010dty\u0159i dny abstinence nikotinu vedly k n\u00e1r\u016fstu hladiny kofeinu v krvi o 46%. V praktick\u00fdch term\u00ednech to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nikotinu mohou pot\u0159ebovat v\u00edce k\u00e1vy, aby c\u00edtili stejn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek, a ti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159estanou pou\u017e\u00edvat nikotin, si mohou v\u0161imnout, \u017ee se kofein n\u00e1hle c\u00edt\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kontrolovan\u00e1 studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v \u010dasopisu Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism tak\u00e9 zjistila, \u017ee kofein zesiluje \u00fa\u010dinek nikotinu na potla\u010den\u00ed chuti v j\u00eddle. Kombinace obou l\u00e1tek vedla k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hladu ne\u017e kter\u00e1koli l\u00e1tka sama.
    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Je nikotin v\u00edce n\u00e1vykov\u00e1 ne\u017e kofein?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Z\u00e1vislost nen\u00ed jednodu\u0161e v\u011bc\u00ed toho, jak \u010dasto se n\u011bco pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, ale jak l\u00e1tka ovliv\u0148uje mozek a chov\u00e1n\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu. V zdravotnictv\u00ed se r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy z\u00e1vislosti klasifikuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed k\u00f3d\u016f ICD. Z\u00e1vislost na nikotinu nese k\u00f3d F17.2, zat\u00edmco z\u00e1vislost na kofeinu spad\u00e1 pod F15.2. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se oba objevuj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci stejn\u00e9ho diagnostick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, podtrhuje, \u017ee oba mohou vytvo\u0159it klinicky relevantn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost, a\u010dkoli s r\u016fznou z\u00e1va\u017enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Z\u00e1vislost na nikotinu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Nikotin ovliv\u0148uje syst\u00e9m odm\u011bn mozku zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st jak k fyzick\u00e9, tak psychologick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti. P\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se mozek p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje p\u0159\u00edtomnosti nikotinu a po\u010det nikotinov\u00fdch receptor\u016f se zvy\u0161uje, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit mnoho funkc\u00ed t\u011bla. Absence l\u00e1tky m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit p\u0159\u00edznaky abstinence, jako je podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost, pot\u00ed\u017ee s koncentrac\u00ed a probl\u00e9my se sp\u00e1nkem. Podle zpr\u00e1vy Nikotin a mozek od EPHI je z\u00e1vislost na nikotinu charakterizov\u00e1na ztr\u00e1tou kontroly, pot\u00ed\u017eemi s p\u0159estanut\u00edm a nepohodl\u00edm b\u011bhem abstinence. Profesor Fredrik Nystr\u00f6m, vedouc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 a profesor intern\u00ed medic\u00edny na Link\u00f6pingsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee existuje dob\u0159e proveden\u00fd v\u00fdzkum ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee kofein a nikotin spole\u010dn\u011b zesiluj\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek na energetick\u00fd v\u00fddej t\u011bla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Z\u00e1vislost na kofeinu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Kofein m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it n\u00e1vyky, a p\u0159i vysok\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1hl\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed zp\u016fsobit bolesti hlavy, \u00fanavu a podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost na n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed. Tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou obecn\u011b m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a krat\u0161\u00edho trv\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e ty spojen\u00e9 s odvyk\u00e1n\u00edm nikotinu. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd praktick\u00fd d\u016fsledek: n\u011bkdo, kdo p\u0159estane pou\u017e\u00edvat nikotin, si m\u016f\u017ee najednou v\u0161imnout, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinky kofeinu jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee t\u011blo ji\u017e kofein neroztavuje tak rychle. To je vhodn\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad nad\u00e1le pijete stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed k\u00e1vy jako d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Shrnut\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Ob\u011b l\u00e1tky mohou vytvo\u0159it n\u00e1vyky, ale mechanismy z\u00e1vislosti se li\u0161\u00ed svou silou a povahou. Nikotin m\u00e1 siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spojen\u00ed s klasick\u00fdmi vzory z\u00e1vislosti, zat\u00edmco \u00fa\u010dinky kofeinu b\u011bhem odvyk\u00e1n\u00ed jsou ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f do\u010dasn\u00e9 a zvladateln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nikotin vs kofein – rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    Vlastnost<\/strong><\/td>Nikotin<\/strong><\/td>Kofein<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    P\u016fvod<\/td>Tab\u00e1kov\u00e1 rostlina, ur\u010dit\u00e9 zeleniny<\/td>K\u00e1vov\u00e1 zrna, \u010dajov\u00e9 listy, kakaov\u00e9 boby<\/td><\/tr>
    Mechanismus p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/td>Aktivuje nikotinov\u00e9 receptory (acetylcholinov\u00e9 receptory)<\/td>Blokuje adenosinov\u00e9 receptory<\/td><\/tr>
    Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek<\/td>Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed dopaminu, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 bd\u011blost a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fanava, zlep\u0161en\u00e1 n\u00e1lada a motivace<\/td><\/tr>
    \u010cas do \u00fa\u010dinku<\/td>B\u011bhem 1\u20132 minut (snus)<\/td>15\u201345 minut<\/td><\/tr>
    Polo\u010das rozpadu<\/td>1\u20132 hodiny<\/td>P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 hodin (krat\u0161\u00ed u u\u017eivatel\u016f nikotinu)<\/td><\/tr>
    Riziko z\u00e1vislosti<\/td>Relativn\u011b vysok\u00e9<\/td>Relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9<\/td><\/tr>
    B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zdroje<\/td>Snus, white snus, cigarety, n\u00e1plasti s nikotinem<\/td>K\u00e1va, \u010daj, energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje, \u010dokol\u00e1da<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Je snus s kofeinem?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Ano, kofein <\/a>kapsl\u00ed\u010dky existuj\u00ed a obsahuj\u00ed kofein, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nikotin. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako white snus a vst\u0159eb\u00e1vaj\u00ed se skrz \u00fastn\u00ed sliznici, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee produkovat m\u00edrn\u011b rychlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pit\u00edm k\u00e1vy, kde kofein projde tr\u00e1vic\u00edm syst\u00e9mem. V\u011bt\u0161ina kapsl\u00ed\u010dk\u016f s kofeinem obsahuje 50\u2013100 mg kofeinu na kapsl\u00ed\u010dek, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ekvivalent \u0161\u00e1lku k\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Co se d\u011bje s citlivost\u00ed na kofein, kdy\u017e p\u0159estanete pou\u017e\u00edvat snus?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    To je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd, ale m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00fd efekt: kdy\u017e p\u0159estanete pou\u017e\u00edvat nikotin, si m\u016f\u017eete v\u0161imnout, \u017ee se k\u00e1va c\u00edt\u00ed siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obvykle. Je to proto, \u017ee nikotin stimuluje enzym CYP1A2 v j\u00e1trech, kter\u00fd \u0161t\u011bp\u00ed kofein. Bez nikotinu aktivita tohoto enzymu kles\u00e1 a kofein z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v krevn\u00edm ob\u011bhu d\u00e9le. V\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee hladiny kofeinu se mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it a\u017e o 46% pouh\u00fdch \u010dty\u0159i dny po ukon\u010den\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nikotinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u016f\u017eete dostat nikotin z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho j\u00eddla?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Ano, nikotin se vyskytuje p\u0159irozen\u011b v zelenin, jako jsou raj\u010data, brambory, bakla\u017e\u00e1n a kv\u011bt\u00e1k, ale v tak mal\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00edch, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed znateln\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek na t\u011blo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Co se v t\u011ble stane, kdy\u017e kombinujete nikotin a kofein?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Ob\u011b l\u00e1tky stimuluj\u00ed dopaminov\u00fd syst\u00e9m r\u016fzn\u00fdmi cestami. V\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee kombinace m\u016f\u017ee zesilovat \u00fa\u010dinek na potla\u010den\u00ed chuti v j\u00eddle a vytvo\u0159it siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pocit bd\u011blosti ne\u017e kter\u00e1koli l\u00e1tka sama. Sou\u010dasn\u011b nikotin ovliv\u0148uje, jak rychle t\u011blo \u0161t\u011bp\u00ed kofein, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nikotinu obecn\u011b pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u00edce k\u00e1vy, aby c\u00edtili stejn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek jako neu\u017eivatel\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kter\u00e1 l\u00e1tka je v\u00edce n\u00e1vykov\u00e1?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Nikotin je obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za v\u00edce n\u00e1vykov\u00fd ne\u017e kofein. P\u0159\u00edznaky abstinence b\u011bhem odvyk\u00e1n\u00ed nikotinu jsou obvykle v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed. Oba maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed k\u00f3dy ICD v medic\u00ednsk\u00e9m diagnostick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, ale z\u00e1vislost na nikotinu (F17.2) je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za klinicky podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e z\u00e1vislost na kofeinu (F15.2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Shrnut\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Nikotin a kofein jsou oba stimuluj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed mozek a mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it pocit bd\u011blosti, ale \u010din\u00ed tak r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby a s r\u016fzn\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem z\u00e1vislosti. Kofein funguje blokov\u00e1n\u00edm sign\u00e1l\u016f \u00fanavy a m\u00e1 polo\u010das rozpadu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 hodin, zat\u00edmco nikotin p\u0159\u00edmo aktivuje syst\u00e9m odm\u011bn mozku a p\u016fsob\u00ed rychleji, ale na krat\u0161\u00ed dobu. Jeden z nejv\u00edce prakticky relevantn\u00edch poznatk\u016f je, \u017ee nikotin ovliv\u0148uje, jak rychle t\u011blo metabolizuje kofein: u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nikotinu \u0161t\u011bp\u00ed kofein a\u017e o 50% rychleji, co\u017e vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d mnoho u\u017eivatel\u016f snus a kur\u00e1k\u016f pije v\u00edce k\u00e1vy. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159estanou pou\u017e\u00edvat nikotin, by si m\u011bli b\u00fdt v\u011bdomi, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinky kofeinu se mohou c\u00edtit v\u00fdrazn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f. Chcete vyzkou\u0161et alternativu bez nikotinu s podobn\u00fdm efektem? Pod\u00edvejte se na na\u0161i nab\u00eddku kapsl\u00ed\u010dk\u016f s kofeinem<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zdroje<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    1. EPHI – Nikotin a mozek (zpr\u00e1va)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. PubMed – Efekt kou\u0159en\u00ed na clearance kofeinu (Parsons & Neims)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. PubMed – Zm\u011bny v m\u00ed\u0159e a vzorci metabolismu kofeinu po p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. Oxford Academic, International Journal of Epidemiology – T\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed zvy\u0161uje konzumaci k\u00e1vy: Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z anal\u00fdzy Mendelianovy randomizace<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism – \u00da\u010dinek nikotinu na potla\u010den\u00ed chuti je pos\u00edlen kof\u00ednem (Jessen et al., 2005)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    6. Springer Nature\/Nutrition & Metabolism – \u00da\u010dinky kofeinu, nikotinu, ethanolu a tetrahydrokanabinolu na sportovn\u00ed v\u00fdkon<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    7. Examine – Jak funguje kofein?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    8. Profesor Fredrik Nystr\u00f6m, vedouc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 a profesor vnit\u0159n\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, Link\u00f6pingsk\u00e1 univerzita<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/h2>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Nicotine and caffeine – what is actually the difference? Nicotine and caffeine are two of the most widely used stimulants in the world, but they act on the body in entirely different ways. Nicotine activates nicotinic receptors in the brain and triggers a rapid release of dopamine, while caffeine blocks adenosine receptors, the signals that […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17481,"featured_media":97033,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[261],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17481"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97031"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97031\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100402,"href":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97031\/revisions\/100402"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/97033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=97031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/whitelip.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=97031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}